Single-dose pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin in patients with chronic renal failure

Gurumurthy, Prema and Raghupati Sarma, G and Jayasankar, K and Thyagarajan, K and Prabhakar, R and Muthusethupathi, M A and Sampathkumar, P and Shivakumar, S (1992) Single-dose pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin in patients with chronic renal failure. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 39 (4). pp. 221-228. ISSN 0019-5705

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Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid and Rifampicin were studied in 18 patients with mild or moderate renal failure (creatinine clearance : 10.1-50.0 ml/min) and 17 patients with severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 10.0 ml/min) and the findings compared with those in 16 healthy subjects. The renal excretion of Isoniazid, Acetylisoniazid, Rifampicin and Dcsacetylrifampicin was severely inhibited in patients with renal failure. Plasma Rifampicin and Isoniazid concentrations in rapid acetylators were similar in healthy subjects and both the groups of patients. In slow acetylators, plasma Isoniazid concentrations and exposure (AUC) and half-life of the drug, calculated on the basis of these concentrations were appreciably higher in patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.01); the mean values in the two groups of patients were, however, similar. The correlations between plasma creatinine or creatinine clearance and peak concentration, exposure or half-life of Isoniazid were poor (r < 0.28) in the slow acetylators. These findings suggest that in patients with renal failure, it is not necessary to reduce dosage of Rifampicin or of Isoniazid in rapid acetylators but advisable in respect of Isoniazid in slow acetylators to lessen the risk of toxic reactions.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Tuberculosis > Laboratory Research > Biochemical
Divisions:	Basic Science Research > Biochemistry
Depositing User:	Dr. Rathinasabapati R
Date Deposited:	11 Sep 2013 10:32
Last Modified:	14 Mar 2016 07:22
URI:	http://eprints.nirt.res.in/id/eprint/322

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